About

This section presents data on U.S. government withheld taxes. Given its daily frequency, this series can serve as a contemporaneous indicator of employment and nominal aggregate demand. You may select multiple years for comparison.

How to use it: The raw daily series is extremely noisy — deposit dates drift with payroll calendars and settlement days, and month-ends, quarter-ends and holidays all shift receipts around — so the right way to read it is YoY growth of rolling cumulative sums, which is exactly what the multi-year calendar overlay on this page is built for: same calendar position against same calendar position. Its value is statistical independence: withholding shares none of the CES machinery — no sample, no birth-death imputation, no benchmark revisions — so when smoothed withholding growth and reported payrolls disagree, the disagreement is itself information about the likely direction of future revisions; when they agree, the read on labor income deserves more confidence. Two caveats: bonus season (December–January) amplifies swings, and tax-code changes (like the 2018 withholding-table revision) create level breaks that poison cross-year comparisons.

Data Sources
Update Frequency: Weekly